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<title>Interthalamic adhesion</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Interthalamic adhesion</span></span>

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</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:lemonchiffon">Interthalamic adhesion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="infobox-caption">Dissection showing the ventricles of the brain. (Interthalamic adhesion labeled as Massa Intermedia at center right.)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="Coronal_section" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronal section">Coronal section</a> of brain through intermediate mass of <a href="Third_ventricle" title="Third ventricle">third ventricle</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Thalamus" title="Thalamus">Thalamus</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>adhaesio interthalamica</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="NeuroNames" title="NeuroNames">NeuroNames</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=301">301</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="NeuroLex" title="NeuroLex">NeuroLex</a> ID</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uri.neuinfo.org/nif/nifstd/nlx_144100">nlx_144100</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA98</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/14.1.08.103%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A14.1.08.103</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=5778">5778</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FMA/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fsig%2Font%2Ffma%2Ffma74869">74869</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="Anatomical_terms_of_neuroanatomy" title="Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy">Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy</a><div style="text-align: right;"></div></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>The <b>interthalamic adhesion</b> (also known as the <b>massa intermedia</b>, <b>intermediate mass</b> or <b>middle commissure</b>) is a flattened band of tissue that connects both parts of the <a href="Thalamus" title="Thalamus">thalamus</a> at their medial surfaces. The medial surfaces form the upper part of the lateral wall to the <a href="Third_ventricle" title="Third ventricle">third ventricle</a>.

</p><p>In humans, it is only about one centimeter long – though in females, it is about 50% larger on average.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sometimes, it is in two parts – and 20% of the time, it is absent.<sup id="cite_ref-Olry_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olry-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In other mammals, it is larger.

</p><p>In 1889, a Portuguese anatomist by the name of Macedo examined 215 brains, showing that male humans are approximately twice as likely to lack an interthalamic adhesion as are female humans. He also reported its absence, still reported today in about 20% of humans. Its absence is seen to be of no consequence.<sup id="cite_ref-Olry_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olry-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The interthalamic adhesion contains <a href="Neuron" title="Neuron">nerve cells</a> and <a href="Axon" title="Axon">nerve fibers</a>; a few of the latter may cross the middle line, but most of them pass toward the middle line and then curve laterally on the same side. It is still uncertain whether the interthalamic adhesion contains fibers that cross the midline – and for this reason, it is inappropriate to call it a <a href="Commissure" title="Commissure">commissure</a>.

</p><p>The interthalamic adhesion is notably enlarged in patients with the type II <a href="Arnold%E2%80%93Chiari_malformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Arnold–Chiari malformation">Arnold–Chiari malformation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Additional_images">Additional images</h2></div>

<div class="gallerytext">Thalamus</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">Medial surface of cerebral hemisphere. Medial view. Deep dissection.</div>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

<p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> <i>This article incorporates text in the <a href="Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> from the 20th edition of</i> <a href="Gray's_Anatomy" title="Gray's Anatomy">Gray's Anatomy</a> <i>(1918)</i>

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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121216141336/http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/109691976/ABSTRACT?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0">Wiley Interscience</a></span>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFOlryHaines2005" class="citation journal cs1">Olry, R; Haines, DE (June 2005). "Interthalamic adhesion: scruples about calling a spade a spade?". <i>Journal of the History of the Neurosciences</i>. <b>14</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">116–</span>8. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F096470490910128">10.1080/096470490910128</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16019656">16019656</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWolpertAndersonScottKwan1987" class="citation journal cs1">Wolpert, S. M.; Anderson, M; Scott, R. M.; Kwan, E. S.; Runge, V. M. (1987). "Chiari II malformation: MR imaging evaluation". <i>American Journal of Roentgenology</i>. <b>149</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">1033–</span>42. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2214%2Fajr.149.5.1033">10.2214/ajr.149.5.1033</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3499774">3499774</a>.</cite></span>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.med.umich.edu/lrc/coursepages/m1/anatomy2010/html/atlas/n1a8p6.html">Atlas image: n1a8p6</a> at the University of Michigan Health System</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.med.harvard.edu/AANLIB/cases/case3/mr1/024.html">Image</a> at <a href="Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csuchico.edu/~pmccaff/syllabi/CMSD%20320/images/U5Thalu2.JPG">Diagram at csuchico.edu (labeled as Massa intermedia)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070113112357/http://www.csuchico.edu/~pmccaff/syllabi/CMSD%20320/images/U5Thalu2.JPG">Archived</a> 2007-01-13 at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li>

<li><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120722052451/http://www.tk.de/rochelexikon/pics/s13048.000-3.html">"Anatomy diagram: 13048.000-3"</a>. <i>Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator</i>. Elsevier. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tk.de/rochelexikon/pics/s13048.000-3.html">the original</a> on 2012-07-22.</cite></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Anatomy_of_the_diencephalon_of_the_human_brain112" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Anatomy of the <a href="Diencephalon" title="Diencephalon">diencephalon</a> of the <a href="Human_brain" title="Human brain">human brain</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Epithalamus" title="Epithalamus">Epithalamus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Surface</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Pineal_gland" title="Pineal gland">Pineal gland</a></li>

<li><a href="Habenula" title="Habenula">Habenula</a></li>

<li><a href="Habenular_trigone" title="Habenular trigone">Habenular trigone</a></li>

<li><a href="Habenular_commissure" title="Habenular commissure">Habenular commissure</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Pretectal_area" title="Pretectal area">Pretectal area</a></li>

<li><a href="Habenular_nuclei" class="mw-redirect" title="Habenular nuclei">Habenular nuclei</a></li>

<li><a href="Subcommissural_organ" title="Subcommissural organ">Subcommissural organ</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Thalamus" title="Thalamus">Thalamus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Surface</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Stria_medullaris" title="Stria medullaris">Stria medullaris</a></li>

<li><a href="Thalamic_reticular_nucleus" title="Thalamic reticular nucleus">Thalamic reticular nucleus</a></li>

<li><a href="Taenia_thalami" title="Taenia thalami">Taenia thalami</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Grey_matter" title="Grey matter">Grey matter</a>/<br><a href="List_of_thalamic_nuclei" title="List of thalamic nuclei">nuclei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i>paired:</i> <a href="Anterior_nuclei_of_thalamus" title="Anterior nuclei of thalamus">AN</a></li>

<li><a href="Ventral_nuclear_group" title="Ventral nuclear group">Ventral</a>

<li><a href="Lateral_nuclear_group" title="Lateral nuclear group">Lateral</a>

<li><a href="Pulvinar_nuclei" title="Pulvinar nuclei">Pulvinar nuclei</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Metathalamus" class="mw-redirect" title="Metathalamus">Metathalamus</a>

<ul><li><i>midline:</i> <a href="Medial_dorsal_nucleus" title="Medial dorsal nucleus">MD</a></li>

<li><a href="Intralaminar_nuclei_of_thalamus" class="mw-redirect" title="Intralaminar nuclei of thalamus">Intralaminar</a>

<ul><li><a href="Centromedian_nucleus" title="Centromedian nucleus">Centromedian</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Midline_nuclear_group" title="Midline nuclear group">Midline nuclear group</a></li>

</ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="White_matter" title="White matter">White matter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Mammillothalamic_tract" title="Mammillothalamic tract">Mammillothalamic tract</a></li>

<li><a href="Pallidothalamic_tracts" title="Pallidothalamic tracts">Pallidothalamic tracts</a>

<ul><li><a href="Ansa_lenticularis" title="Ansa lenticularis">Ansa lenticularis</a></li>

<li><a href="Lenticular_fasciculus" title="Lenticular fasciculus">Lenticular fasciculus</a></li>

<li><a href="Thalamic_fasciculus" title="Thalamic fasciculus">Thalamic fasciculus</a></li></ul></li>

<ul><li><a href="Medial_lemniscus" title="Medial lemniscus">Medial lemniscus</a></li>

<li><a href="Trigeminal_lemniscus" title="Trigeminal lemniscus">Trigeminal lemniscus</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Spinothalamic_tract" title="Spinothalamic tract">Spinothalamic tract</a></li>

<li><a href="Lateral_lemniscus" title="Lateral lemniscus">Lateral lemniscus</a></li>

<li><a href="Dentatothalamic_tract" title="Dentatothalamic tract">Dentatothalamic tract</a></li>

<li><a href="Acoustic_radiation" title="Acoustic radiation">Acoustic radiation</a></li>

<li><a href="Optic_radiation" title="Optic radiation">Optic radiation</a></li>

<li><a href="Subthalamic_fasciculus" title="Subthalamic fasciculus">Subthalamic fasciculus</a></li>

<li><a href="Ventral_trigeminal_tract" title="Ventral trigeminal tract">Ventral trigeminal tract</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Medullary_laminae_of_thalamus" title="Medullary laminae of thalamus">Medullary laminae</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Hypothalamus" title="Hypothalamus">Hypothalamus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Surface</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Median_eminence" title="Median eminence">Median eminence</a>/<a href="Tuber_cinereum" title="Tuber cinereum">Tuber cinereum</a></li>

<li><a href="Mammillary_body" title="Mammillary body">Mammillary body</a></li>

<li><a href="Pituitary_stalk" title="Pituitary stalk">Infundibulum</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Grey_matter" title="Grey matter">Grey matter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Autonomic_nervous_system" title="Autonomic nervous system">Autonomic</a> zones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Anterior_hypothalamic_nucleus" title="Anterior hypothalamic nucleus">Anterior (parasympathetic/heat loss)</a></li>

<li><a href="Posterior_nucleus_of_hypothalamus" title="Posterior nucleus of hypothalamus">Posterior (sympathetic/heat conservation)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Endocrine_system" title="Endocrine system">Endocrine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Posterior_pituitary" title="Posterior pituitary">posterior pituitary</a>:</i> <a href="Paraventricular_nucleus_of_hypothalamus" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus">Paraventricular</a>

<ul><li><a href="Magnocellular_neurosecretory_cell" title="Magnocellular neurosecretory cell">Magnocellular neurosecretory cell</a></li>

<li><a href="Parvocellular_neurosecretory_cell" title="Parvocellular neurosecretory cell">Parvocellular neurosecretory cell</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Supraoptic_nucleus" title="Supraoptic nucleus">Supraoptic</a>

<ul><li><a href="Oxytocin" title="Oxytocin">oxytocin</a>/<a href="Vasopressin" title="Vasopressin">vasopressin</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li><i>other:</i> <a href="Arcuate_nucleus_(hypothalamus)" title="Arcuate nucleus (hypothalamus)">Arcuate (dopamine/GHRH)</a></li>

<li><a href="Preoptic_area" title="Preoptic area">Preoptic (GnRH)</a></li>

<li><a href="Suprachiasmatic_nucleus" title="Suprachiasmatic nucleus">Suprachiasmatic (melatonin)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Emotion" title="Emotion">Emotion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Lateral_hypothalamus" title="Lateral hypothalamus">Lateral</a></li>

<li><a href="Ventromedial_nucleus" class="mw-redirect" title="Ventromedial nucleus">Ventromedial</a></li>

<li><a href="Dorsomedial_hypothalamic_nucleus" title="Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus">Dorsomedial</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="White_matter" title="White matter">White matter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i>afferent</i>

<ul><li><a href="Stria_terminalis" title="Stria terminalis">Stria terminalis</a></li>

<li><a href="Medial_forebrain_bundle" title="Medial forebrain bundle">Medial forebrain bundle</a></li>

<li><a href="Retinohypothalamic_tract" title="Retinohypothalamic tract">Retinohypothalamic tract</a></li></ul></li>

<li><i>efferent</i>

<ul><li><a href="Mammillothalamic_tract" title="Mammillothalamic tract">Mammillothalamic tract</a></li>

<li><a href="Dorsal_longitudinal_fasciculus" title="Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus">Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Pituitary_gland" title="Pituitary gland">Pituitary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Posterior_pituitary" title="Posterior pituitary">Posterior</a> is diencephalon, but <a href="Anterior_pituitary" title="Anterior pituitary">anterior</a> is glandular</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Subthalamus" title="Subthalamus">Subthalamus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Subthalamic_nucleus" title="Subthalamic nucleus">Subthalamic nucleus</a></li>

<li><a href="Zona_incerta" title="Zona incerta">Zona incerta</a></li>

<li><a href="Nuclei_campi_perizonalis" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclei campi perizonalis">Nuclei campi perizonalis</a> (<a href="Fields_of_Forel" title="Fields of Forel">Fields of Forel</a>)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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